Effectiveness of working memory training on the executive functions of children with high function autism spectrum disorder

Introduction: One of the main symptoms of children with autism spectrum is impairment disorder in executive functions and its components. This study investigated the effectiveness of working memory training on executive functions in children with high-function autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Materials and Methods: In a single-subject study with ABA design, five children with ASD, the age range of 11-6 years, by available sampling method participated in the study. Their executive function was assessed 3 times before the intervention with 2 weeks interval, 4 times during the intervention and 3 times after the intervention using the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function by the parents. Intervention consisted of working memory training using Robo memo software in 24 sessions (3 times a week and each session 30 minutes). Visual analysis, the percentage of non-overlapping data, and effect size were used to interpret the results. Results: Working memory training improved the executive functions, respectively, with Cohenchr('39')s D effect sizes (1.87, 2.55, 3.97, 2.76, 4.22), respectively. The intervention program also improved behavioral adjustment index with effect sizes (1.46, 2.55, 4.61, 1.89, 3.65) and metacognition (with effect sizes 1.87, 2.15, / 68 2, 3.13, 3.71) in subjects. The changes were in all 5 subjects were positive (effect size greater than 0.8). Conclusion: It seems that working memory training can enhance executive functions and its components (behavioral regulation, metacognition) in children with high functioning autism spectrum disorder.